Weather Delay 🚂⛈️

🚂⛈️ Overview

Weather Delay is a machine learning project focused on predicting train delays from historical delay behavior and weather conditions.

The broader idea is simple: if delay predictions become more reliable, rail travel becomes easier to trust, and that can support a shift toward more sustainable transportation.

Why I built it

Delays are one of the main pain points for train users. I wanted to explore whether weather signals, combined with operational delay patterns, could improve predictive quality enough to be practically useful.

The project aims to:

• *Improve delay estimates for passengers
• *Support operator-side planning decisions
• *Increase trust in rail as an alternative to car travel
• *Contribute to sustainability-oriented mobility strategies

🦾 Repository

Code and notebooks: github.com/gianlucarea/weather-delay

📊 Methodology

The study evaluates both classification and regression pipelines:

1. *Classification: Predict if a train will be delayed beyond a threshold
2. *Regression: Predict the exact delay duration

Both approaches model relationships between:

• *Departure delay (key historical indicator)
• *Weather conditions at the time of travel
• *Route and temporal factors

Modeling workflow

1. *Collect and align train and weather datasets.
2. *Clean and preprocess temporal and route-level features.
3. *Engineer predictive features from delay and weather signals.
4. *Train and compare classification and regression models.
5. *Evaluate performance tradeoffs and feature impact.

📈 Data Sources

The project combines multiple data providers:

• *Weather Data: Open-Meteo - Free weather API with historical data
• *Train Data: Tuscany Train Feed - Regional train schedules and operations
• *Delay Information: Italian Train Delay Data - Historical delay records

🛠️ Tech Stack

• *Python: Core implementation language
• *Pandas: Data manipulation and analysis
• *NumPy: Numerical computations
• *Scikit-Learn: Machine learning algorithms and evaluation
• *Jupyter Notebooks: Interactive data analysis and experimentation

🚀 Project Structure

Main analysis artifact:

• *02-Data Analytics: Main data analysis and model development notebook
  • *Data loading and exploration
  • *Feature engineering from weather and delay data
  • *Model training and evaluation
  • *Comparison of classification and regression approaches

Note: data files must be downloaded from the listed sources before preprocessing and training.

📝 Research Focus

• *Comparing different classification algorithms for delay prediction
• *Evaluating regression models for delay duration estimation
• *Feature importance analysis of weather and temporal factors
• *Model performance trade-offs between accuracy and simplicity

What I learned

• *How weather and operational signals interact in delay prediction tasks
• *How to frame the same domain problem as both classification and regression
• *How to communicate model tradeoffs clearly in notebook-based experiments

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome. If you want to improve data preparation, model evaluation, or documentation clarity, feel free to open a pull request.

Suggested contribution flow:

1. *Fork the repository
2. *Create a new branch for your feature or bugfix
3. *Commit your changes and push them to your fork
4. *Submit a pull request with a detailed description of your changes

Please ensure that your code follows the project's coding standards and includes appropriate documentation.

📜 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for more details.